OvPlex is a new blood test that detects ovarian cancer in the early stages. This article explains what ovarian cancer is, different types, symptoms, and treatments.
Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries. The ovaries are part of our reproductive system and produce the hormones oestrogen and progesterone. When a woman is ovulating they release an egg into the fallopian tube every month. If it is not fertilized it is shed with the lining of the womb during menstruation.
During ovulation the ovary opens to let the egg out. This causes tiny tears on the lining, which our cells try to repair each month. Cancer can develop if this repair activity occurs too quickly – a growth of cells cluster, forming tumours on the ovary. The cells are behaving erratically and working against our DNA. This can be a result of genetics or linked to other factors such as lifestyle and environment.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
There are two main types:
Epithelial is the most common, affecting the lining of the ovaries.
Non-epithelial cancer starts in the cells of the ovaries.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
In 2008 the Department of Health, cancer charities and doctors defined the key symptoms of ovarian cancer: -
Persistent pelvic or stomach pains.
Continual bloating and weight gain on the stomach.
Problems eating and getting full quickly.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms on a daily basis and you’ve noticed other changes such as tiredness, painful intercourse, abnormal bleeding or changes to your bowel habits, consult your GP.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer
Research is ongoing as to exact causes; however, certain factors increase the risk:
In around 5% of cases it is hereditary.
Endometriosis – in around 1/3 of cases.
Early menstruation and late menopause – this is linked to damage to the ovary wall during ovulation. The more periods a woman has, the greater the risk of cell mutation.
Ethnicity – research indicates women of Polish, Jewish, Icelandic or Pakistani descent are more at risk due to a faulty gene.
Mutations in genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been linked to ovarian and breast cancer.
It is most common in post-menopausal women.
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is staged and graded according to the aggression of the tumour and how far it has spread. Treatment is a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. If it is caught early on (Stage 1: in the ovary only) surgery will be minimal and the prognosis for remission is excellent. If is has spread to other organs (stage 4) a hysterectomy or oophrectomy may be required to ‘debulk’ as much of the cancer as possible. Gene therapy and hormone therapy are currently in development.
Pregnancy, breast feeding and taking the contraceptive pill can all reduce the risk. A 2008 study indicated a woman’s chances of developing ovarian cancer are significantly reduced if she takes the pill, with the effects lasting for up to 30 years after she stops taking it.
Cancer rates are higher in the west because obesity is more common and we eat a diet high in animal fats. Eat a low fat diet, which is rich in fruit and vegetables, maintain a healthy BMI and exercise regularly.
Resources
The Ovarian Cancer Action Charity is running the 'Love Women' campaign this month to raise awareness and funding for research. See the website for information on how to get involved.
OvPlex is a new blood test that helps detect early and late stage ovarian cancer. Developed by HealthLinx Ltd.
This article is for general information only. Consult your health practitioner for specific guidance on a health issue.
The copyright of the article Ovarian Cancer Symptoms, Treatment and Prognosis in Gynecological Health is owned by Nicci Talbot. Permission to republish Ovarian Cancer Symptoms, Treatment and Prognosis in print or online must be granted by the author in writing.
Gasoline, Petroleum and the plastics made from it are the single largest
cause of cancer in the world. This is a known fact, verified by thousands
of studies which the oil industry counters by paying pundits to say:
"Well, we just are not sure yet". Now are are sure. The TPH array
in petroleum and petroleum products exists as microscopic particles which
leach off of plastic materials, (ie: the plastic in water and baby bottles)
and float in the air as vapor, (ie: the fumes around gas stations). These
particles are absorbed into the body and broken down to a cellular level
and then to a DNA level. As the DNA replicates, a constant process, these
TPH materials cause the replication process to make mistakes and create
genetic mutations. TPH is a very particular array of items so the
"mistakes" that it causes occur as the same thing over and over.
We call this repeating mistake: "cancer". Other materials in our
environment cause other kinds of genetic mutations that do not manifest as
onerous, or extremely negative, or obvious things. TPH manifests cancer.
The TPH chemical array has killed more Americans than every
terrorist since the beginning of time.
The petrochemical
bisphenol-a, or BPA, causes precancerous tumors and urinary tract problems
and made babies reach puberty early.
Every gas pump has a label
on it that oil and gas causes cancer and a host of lethal medical
problems.
Archeologicial digs show that ancient peoples living
near tar pits got cancer.
When there is an oil spill, you are
not allowed on the beach because most agencies classify oil as toxic.
A study of childhook leukemia in England mapped every child
with the diserase and found they all occurred in a circle, in the center of
which was a gas station. Living near a petrol station could
quadruple the risk of childhood leukaemia, research suggested today. The study in France found a link between cases of acute leukaemia among
youngsters and how close they lived to a fuel station or a repair garage.
Research has already shown an association between adults'
occupational exposure to benzene, a hydrocarbon derived from petrol, and
leukaemia. The latest study is published in the journal Occupational
and Environmental Medicine. The French Institute of Health and Medical
Research based their findings on 280 cases of childhood leukaemia and a
comparison group of 285 children. They were drawn from four hospitals
in Nancy, Lille, Lyon and Paris, with almost two-thirds of the children
with leukaemia aged between two and six. The team found no clear link
between the mother's occupation during pregnancy or traffic levels around
where they lived and the risk of child leukaemia. They also saw no
link between leukaemia and living near manufacturers using materials such
as aluminium or plastic. But a child whose home was near a garage was
four times more likely to develop leukaemia than a child whose home was
not. The risk appeared to be even greater for acute nonlymphoblastic
leukaemia, which was seven times more common among children living close to
a petrol station or garage. The longer a child had lived there, the higher
their risk of leukaemia appeared to be. There are 6,600 cases of
leukaemia a year in Britain. Although it is the most common form of
childhood cancer, it affects three times as many adults as children. The authors admit the findings could be due to chance. "But the
strength of the association and the duration of the trend are arguments for
a causal association."
Alberta’s oil sands are one of
the world’s biggest deposits of oil, but the cost of extracting that oil
may be the health of the people living around them. High levels of toxic
chemicals and carcinogens have been found in the water, soil, and fish
downstream of the oil sands. The local health authority of Fort Chipewyan,
Alberta comissioned the study in response to locals’ claims that the oil
extraction projects upstream were damaging the health of citizens.
Petrochemicals and their byproducts, such as dioxin, are known to cause an
array of serious health problems, including cancers and endocrine
disruption.Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used to describe a
large family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come
from crude oil. Crude oil is used to make petroleum products, which can
contaminate the environment. Because there are so many different chemicals
in crude oil and in other petroleum products, it is not practical to
measure each one separately. However, it is useful to measure the total
amount of TPH at a site.TPH is a mixture of chemicals, but they are all
made mainly from hydrogen and carbon, called hydrocarbons. Scientists
divide TPH into groups of petroleum hydrocarbons that act alike in soil or
water. These groups are called petroleum hydrocarbon fractions. Each
fraction contains many individual chemicals.
Some chemicals
that may be found in TPH are hexane, jet fuels, mineral oils, benzene,
toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, and fluorene, as well as other petroleum
products and gasoline components. However, it is likely that samples of TPH
will contain only some, or a mixture, of these chemicals. The International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that one TPH compound
(benzene) is carcinogenic to humans. IARC has determined that other TPH
compounds (benzo[a]pyrene and gasoline) are carcinogenic to humans.
Benzene causes leukemia. Benzene as a cause of leukemia had
documented since 1928 (1 p. 7-9). In 1948, the American Petroleum Institute
officially reported a link between this solvent used in many of their
industries used and cases of leukemia in their workers. Their findings
concluded that the only safe level of benzene exposure is no exposure at
all (2).
The largest breast cancer incidents are in Marin
County, California which is tied to the air, water and ecosphere of the
Chevron Oil refinery right next door.
The oil industries spend
tens of millions of dollars on fake pundits and disinformation to make
sure the above information is never known by the public. Cure Cancer: Stop
oil. It is a national security need in more ways than one.